New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research abstracts

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Ecoregional differences in macrophyte and macroinvertebrate communities between Westland and Waikato: are all New Zealand lowland streams the same?

I. C. Duggan
K. J. Collier*
P. D. Champion
G. F. Croker
R. J. Davies-Colley
P. W. Lambert
J. W. Nagels
R. J. Wilcock

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric
Research Limited
P.O. Box 11 115
Hamilton, New Zealand
email: k.collier@niwa.cri.nz

Abstract   We characterised water chemistry, aquatic habitat, macrophytes, and invertebrate assemblages in eight lowland streams-five in Westland, South Island, and three in the Waikato, North Island, New Zealand. Factors influencing invertebrate community structure over large (between ecoregions) and small (within an ecoregion) spatial scales were investigated. The Westland sites had generally lower nutrient concentrations, conductivity, and water clarity, and coarser substrates than the Waikato sites, reflecting differences in geological history, hydrology, and land-use intensity. The macrophyte communities in each region were very different in species composition and structure, but seasonal abundance patterns in both regions were fairly typical of New Zealand streams in general. Alien obligate submerged macrophyte species were absent from the Westland lowland stream sites, and may partly reflect the isolated nature of this region where colonisation by asexual macrophytes would be difficult. Waikato stream invertebrate faunas were dominated by molluscs (mainly Potamopyrgus) and crustaceans (mainly amphipods), whereas Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, and Coleoptera taxa dominated the Westland stream faunas. The overall structure of invertebrate assemblages appeared to be influenced by a combination of regional differences in substrate type, nutrient concentrations, water clarity, and macrophyte cover. Westland streams with more upstream pastoral development had higher proportions of molluscs than those with predominantly forested or scrub catchments. Our study suggests that large-scale ecoregional differences may override smaller-scale land-use effects on lowland stream invertebrate communities, and that management strategies should be developed on an ecoregional basis for lowland stream ecosystems.

Keywords   water quality; habitat; land use

M02006 Received 23 January 2002; accepted 19 July 2002; published 14 November
New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2002, Vol. 36: 831-845
0028-8330/02/3604-0831 $7.00 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 2002

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