Carbon Workshop: Global Cycle to Regional Budget

Proceedings

Final: 12 Apr 2008

Date: 14 15 Apr 2008 (2 days)

Venue: National Library Auditorium, Wellington

Workshop aims:

1/ to enhance awareness of IGBP programme in NZ - and specifically the Global Carbon Project

2/ to facilitate interaction between the major research providers and examine how the carbon research plans mesh and if there are significant gaps.

3/ to look at current and anticipated future research needs ad priorities of the policy sector, ( in the current and post 2012 period) and how these research needs are going to be met

Meeting format

4 non-parallel sessions: Global, Terrestrial, Policy Related, Posters.

Publication: Manuscripts representing general research and review articles as well as short communications, will be peer reviewed for publication in the leading journal Biogeochemistry (Co-editors- Troy Baisden and Martin Manning), Publication details can be found here.

Convener:

Mike Harvey, NIWA m.harvey@niwa.co.nz

Planning Group:

Troy Baisden, GNS T.Baisden@gns.cri.nz

David Whitehead, Landcare Research WhiteheadD@LandcareResearch.co.nz

Gerald Rys, MAF RysG@maf.govt.nz

Suzi Kerr, Motu suzi.kerr@motu.org.nz

Vera Power, MfE Vera.Power@mfe.govt.nz

Organisers:

Conference and Events:

Janet Matheson: janet@confer.co.nz 04 472 0337

Session Chairs

Session 1: Mike Harvey NIWA

Session 2 (Posters): Alison Fordyce, Landcare Research, Sylvia Nichol and Rowena Moss, NIWA

Session 3: Martin Manning, VUW

Session 4: David Whitehead, Landcare Research

Sponsorship support:

Science Organisation: NZ IGBP committee http://www.rsnz.org/advisory/igbp/ - Executive Officer: Mr ER Davis Email: eddie.davis@rsnz.org

Contributing organisations:

www.niwa.co.nz

www.landcareresearch.co.nz

www.gns.cri.nz

www.maf.govt.nz

www.mfe.govt.nz

Website welcome

The Carbon Workshop 2008: Global Cycle to Regional Budget will be held at the National Library Auditorium, Wellington on 14 and 15 April 2008. We look forward to bringing together the broad range of carbon researchers from within New Zealand along with overseas experts to review our current understanding of the global carbon cycle and to look ahead at the research challenges associated with the need to mitigate fossil carbon emission and develop policies for carbon constraint.

In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) through its fourth assessment report (4AR) has drawn attention to the unequivocal evidence for warming of the climate system in recent decades that is very likely due to increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. Understanding how increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas is unbalancing the carbon cycle is critical for accurate future prediction of climate. The Global Carbon Project has been established with the goal of developing a complete picture of the global carbon cycle, including both its biophysical and human dimensions together with the interactions and feedbacks between them. This workshop opens with Keynote addresses from Dr, Pep Canadell, Executive Director of the Global Carbon Project and Prof Martin Manning (Director of IPCC WG1 Support Unit for 4AR). At a time of rapid evolution of research ideas, tools and policy development, this workshop with a New Zealand focus - reviews current understanding and looks ahead at some of the research that can guide future sustainable development and avoidance of dangerous interference with the climate system.

The programme is built from 4 sessions (1) The Global Carbon Cycle (2) New Zealand Terrestrial Carbon Budget and (3) Mitigation and Carbon Policy and (4) a carbon research poster session. The proceedings will be published in a peer reviewed volume of Biogeochemistry. The programme has been made possible through collaboration and financial support of the Royal Society of New Zealand (and work of the NZ International Geosphere Biosphere Programme committee), the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Landcare Research Ltd., Geological and Nuclear Sciences (GNS), the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and the Ministry for the Environment.

IGBP studies the interactions between biological, chemical and physical processes and human systems and collaborates with other programmes to develop and impart the understanding necessary to respond to global change.

Monday 14 April

Opening remarks:

08:50

Workshop welcome

Mike Harvey, Convener

Keynote addresses:

09:00 09:40

Global Carbon Trends

Powerpoint file

Josep Canadell, Global Carbon Project, CSIRO.

09:40 10:10

The Carbon Cycle: An emerging nexus between science and policy

Martin Manning, Climate Change Research Institute, School of Government, Victoria University

10:10 10:40 Morning Refreshment Break

Session 1: The Global Carbon Cycle (session convener: Mike Harvey)

Monday 14 April

The purpose of this session is to review the current understanding of the global carbon cycle from various interdisciplinary research efforts in biogeochemistry and atmospheric research. Emphasis is given to work in the wider New Zealand region. This session will include discussion of some large scale mitigation engineering options.

The atmospheric record

10:40 - 10:55

CO₂ and CH₄ changes over recent millennia from the ice core record: causes, climate forcing and feedbacks

David Etheridge, ¹CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Australia

Coauthors: P. Steele¹, C. MacFarling Meure^1#, R. Langenfelds¹, C. Trudinger¹, R. Francey¹, C. Allison¹, P. Krummel¹, K. Lassey³, D. Lowe³, D. Ferretti^3#, I. Enting⁴, T. van Ommen⁵, A. Smith⁶, J. White⁷

²Centre for Ice and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

³NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand

⁴MASCOS, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia

⁵Australian Antarctic Division and ACE CRC, Hobart, Australia

⁶ANSTO, Menai, Australia

⁷University of Colorado, Boulder, USA

^#no longer with the organisation

10:55 11:10

Recording the past and informing the future: The history of atmospheric CO₂ measurements in New Zealand

Dave Lowe, Lowenz, Wellington

11:10 11:20

Session Discussion

Ocean processes: understanding ocean uptake and marine biosequestration

11:20 11:35

Ocean-atmosphere feedbacks in the carbon cycle

Keith Hunter, University of Otago, Centre for Chemical Oceanography

11:35 11:50

Carbon cycling in the Southwest Pacific Ocean

Kim Currie, NIWA, Dunedin

Coauthor: Scott Nodder NIWA, Wellington

11:50 12:25

Air-sea fluxes of CO2 in the Southern Ocean: past, present and future.

Sara Mikaloff-Fletcher, ¹Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, U.S.A.

Coauthors: N Gruber², A.R. Jacobson³, K. Rodgers¹, A. Gnanadesikan⁴, J. L. Sarmiento¹, and the Ocean Inversion Modellers

²Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland

³Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, U.S.A.

⁴Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA, Princeton, U.S.A.

12:25 12:40

Climate-mediated changes to Southern Ocean surface waters: how will phytoplankton respond?

Philip Boyd, NIWA, Dunedin

Coauthor: Scott Doney, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

12:40 12:55

Iron fertilisation - can biogeoengineering enhance the ocean carbon sink?

Cliff Law, NIWA, Wellington

12:55 13:05

Session discussion

13:05 14:00 Lunch 13:30 14:00 Discussion group for Regional Carbon Budget Development Plan Discussion leaders: Kim Currie, NIWA, Sara Mikaloff-Fletcher, Princeton

Land to Ocean carbon erosion

14:00 14:15

Erosion and Sedimentation on the New Zealand Landscape: A Source or Sink of C to the Atmosphere?

Troy Baisden, GNS Science

Coauthors: John Dymond, Kevin Tate, Suzanne Lambie, Hugh Wilde, Roger Parfitt, and Mike Page

14:15 14:30

Flash animation: New Zealand Continental Margin Carbon Fluxes using Abode Flash Player

Powerpoint file

John Zeldis, ¹NIWA, Christchurch

Coauthors: Murray Hicks¹, Noel Trustrum², Alan Orpin³, Scott Nodder³, Keith Probert⁴, Ude Shankar¹, Kim Currie

²GNS, ³NIWA Wellington ⁴University of Otago, ⁵NIWA Dunedin.

Engineering / mitigation

14:30 - 14:45

Geological CO₂ storage: the need for permanence and the ability to detect and quantify escape to the atmosphere

David Etheridge^1,2, ¹CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research and Energy Transformed Flagship, Aspendale, Australia

Coauthors: R. Leuning^{1, 2}, A. Luhar¹, P. Steele¹, D. Spencer¹, I. Enting³, C. Allison¹, M. Meyer¹, S. Zegelin¹, Z. Loh¹, P. Krummel¹ and S. Sharma^2,4

²CRC for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), Canberra, Australia

³MASCOS, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia

⁴Schlumberger Oilfield Services, Perth, Australia

14:45 15:00

The Potential for Geological Sequestration of CO₂: Opportunities for New Zealand and its Energy Sector

Rob Funnell, GNS Science, Lower Hutt

Coauthors: S. Edbrooke, A. Nichol and B. Field

15:00 15:10

Session discussion

15:10 15:30 Afternoon Refreshment Break

Tools for assisting development of regional budgets

15:30 15:45

Development of CO₂ observation from space the Orbiting Carbon Observatory

Brian Connor, BC Consulting Limited.

For- David Crisp, Charles Miller and the OCO team

15:45 16:00

Presented as a 100 MB .mov movie file suggest right click and save as to download

Carbon-tracker Project movie

Andy Jacobson, NOAA Earth System Research Lab

Session 2: Posters

Monday 14^th April 16:00 18:00

(Session organisers: Joint organisers: Alison Fordyce, Landcare, Rowena Moss, Sylvia Nichol, NIWA)

16:00 16:30

Poster introduction 1 min introduction from each poster presenter

16:30 18:00

Link to Poster session drinks and nibbles

Call for Posters

We encourage researchers working on the global carbon cycle to submit a poster presentation to the workshop. We are especially interested in

(a) work related to understanding carbon biogeochemical cycling,

(b) the quantification of regional budgets and

(c) research and policy aspects related to mitigation of carbon emissions.

Submission will be through the conference web site: www.confer.co.nz/carbon

Poster format will be maximum A0 portrait format

Session 3: Carbon Policy, Policy realated science and assessment

Tuesday 15^th April (Session convener: Martin Manning)

The purpose of this session is two fold:

(1) to provide a summary of the framework to evolving policy for carbon constraint through the Emissions Trading Scheme,

(2) to consider current and future science needs arising from evolving policy including wider aspects of carbon constraint, especially those being considered under integrating frameworks considering biophysical, social and economic aspects.

International

09:00 09:20

Policy formulation and Simple Climate modelling

Greg Bodeker, NIWA, Lauder

NZ strategies and policy

09:20 09:50

International Climate Change Developments

Helen Plume, Ministry for the Environment

09:50 10:10

New Zealands response to climate change

Phil Gurnsey, Ministry for the Environment

10:10 10:40 Morning Refreshment Break

Engagement and integrated study

10:40 11:00

Towards an effective climate change policy: context, dilemmas and options.

Jonathan Boston, Institute of Policy Studies, Victoria University

11:00 11:20

Integrating science and economics to inform the design of climate change policy

Suzi Kerr, Motu

Social dimension around C budget

11:20 11:50

From global to local - application of carbon cycle knowledge to New Zealand communities

Fiona Carswell and Garth Harmsworth, Landcare Research

11:50 12:10

The Essential role of Maori in the Climate Change Policy and Program

Chris Karamea Insley, 37 Degrees South

Agriculture and Forestry

12:10 12:30

Climate Change Policy for the land base sectors - implications for Research

Julie Collins, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Inventory

12:30 12:50

NZ greenhouse gas inventory

Len Brown, Ministry for the Environment

12:50 13:00

Session discussion:

(anticipated research needs arising from present/future Carbon Policy)

13:00 13:50 Lunch

Session 4: New Zealand Terrestrial Carbon Budget (Session convener: David Whitehead)

Tuesday 15^th April

The purpose of this session is to review current understanding of the terrestrial Carbon inventory & New Zealand research on terrestrial carbon stocks, budgets and fluxes, including land-use, above ground carbon stocks, and soil/ pastoral carbon)

13:50-14:00

Setting the scene

David Whitehead, Landcare Research

14:00-14:20

Meeting Article 3.3 obligations under the Kyoto Protocol: The LUCAS project

Peter Stephens, Ministry for the Environment

14:20-14:50

New Zealands terrestrial carbon budget and the effects of land use change

Kevin Tate, Landcare Research

Coauthors: Craig Trotter, Miko Kirschbaum, Hugh Wilde, Adrian Walcroft, John Dymond

14:50-15:10

Contribution of carbon loss from pasture soils to New Zealands soil carbon budget

Louis Schipper, ¹University of Waikato , Hamilton, New Zealand

Co-authors: Roger Parfitt²,Greg Arnold², John Claydon³, Troy Baisden⁴ and Craig Ross²

²Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand

³Landcare Research, Hamilton, New Zealand

⁴GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand

15:10-15:40 Afternoon Refreshment Break

15:40-15:55

Ecosystem carbon exchange in pasture systems

Dave Campbell, University of Waikato

Coauthor: Louis Schipper

15:55-16:10

Net ecosystem carbon exchange for indigenous forest

John Hunt, Landcare Research

Coauthors: F. Kelliher, T. McSeveny, G. Rogers & D. Whitehead

16:10-16:30

Fluxes in soil carbon. Climate change and management of grasslands

Tony Parsons, AgResearch

Coauthor: Paul Newton

16:30-16:50

Understanding the role of biological carbon sequestration in soils: The Massey University Biochar Initiative

Atillio Pigneri, Massey University

Coauthor: Mike Hedley

16:50-17:30

Final Panel discussion with speakers

17:30

Workshop Closure