New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research abstracts
Advanced pond system for dairy-farm effluent treatment
R. J. Craggs
J. P. Sukias
C. T. Tanner
R. J. Davies-colley
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd
P.O. Box 11 115
Hamilton, New Zealand
Abstract Two-stage oxidation ponds have
traditionally been used for the treatment of dairy-farm wastewater in
New Zealand, but are now considered unsuitable to discharge to
waterways. The first full-scale dairy-farm advanced pond system (APS),
a low-cost and effective upgrade option for traditional ponds was
evaluated over a 2-year period. The system consisted of an anaerobic
pond (AP) (the first pond of traditional oxidation pond systems), a
high rate pond (HRP), a pair of algae settling ponds (ASP) and a
maturation pond (MP) (which all replace the second pond of traditional
systems). APS effluent quality was considerably higher than that of
traditional ponds, with respective median effluent concentrations of
biological oxygen demand: 43 versus 98 g m–3, total
suspended solids: 87 versus 198 g m–3, ammoniacal
nitrogen: 39 versus 106 g m–3, total phosphorus: 19
versus 27 g m–3, and Escherichia coli of 918
versus 70 000 MPN/100 ml. APS show great promise for upgrading
traditional dairy-farm oxidation ponds in New Zealand, particularly in
areas where land irrigation is unsuitable.
Keywords advanced; oxidation; pond; system;
nutrient removal; disinfection; irrigation; fertiliser
A04040; Received 30 April 2004; accepted 2 November 2004 ; Online
publication date 15 December 2004
New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 2004, Vol. 47:
449–460
0028–8233/04/4704–0449 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 2004
PDF file of entire paper: Print-quality
(2217K) | screen-quality (378K)
This year's abstracts |
Journal home page |
All abstracts |
Publishing home page
