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New Zealand Journal of Botany abstractB97035 Received 18 June 1997; accepted 10 October 1997 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1998, Vol. 36: 21-40 0028-825X/98/3601-021 $7.00 (c) The Royal Society of New Zealand 1998
Phylogenetic analysis of the Carmichaelia complex, Clianthus, and Swainsona (Fabaceae), from Australia and New ZealandP. B. HEENAN
Landcare Research
Abstract A phylogenetic analysis of Carmichaelia,
Chordospartium, Corallospartium, Notospartium,
Clianthus, and Swainsona was undertaken to test the monophyly of
each genus and to examine relationships among species. The data matrix included
42 terminal taxa and 47 mainly morphological and anatomical characters. PAUP
analyses resulted in two islands of equally parsimonious trees of 175 steps.
Strict consensus trees identify a monophyletic New Zealand clade and a
monophyletic Australian clade, and the phylogenetic analysis infers a single
dispersal event to New Zealand. The taxa in the New Zealand clade are
characterised by being woody shrubs or subshrubs, having terminal innovation
shoots, persistent pith, wide ray parenchyma, vessel elements with helical
thickenings, and slender and flexuose phloem fibres. Swainsona is
polyphyletic if S. novae-zelandiae is included, and Carmichaelia
is paraphyletic if Chordospartium, Corallospartium, and
Notospartium are excluded. Recommendations are made for a revised
generic classification with recognition of four monophyletic genera:
Clianthus, Australian Swainsona, segregation of Swainsona
novae-zelandiae from Swainsona, and enlargement of
Carmichaelia to include Chordospartium, Corallospartium,
and Notospartium. The inclusion of five quantitative characters and
reweighting of all characters by the rescaled consistency index assisted in
resolving polytomies within the Carmichaelia clade. |