New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science abstracts
Efficacy and persistence of insecticide residues
on fruit of kiwifruit to prevent greedy scale
(Hemiptera: Diaspididae) crawler settlement
R. H. BLANK1
P. T. HOLLAND2
G. S. C. GILL1
M. H. OLSON1
C. P. MALCOLM2
1The Horticulture & Food Research Institute
of New Zealand
Whangarei Research Centre
Private Bag
Whangarei, New Zealand
2The Horticulture & Food Research Institute
of New Zealand
Ruakura Research Centre
Private Bag
Hamilton, New Zealand
Abstract Insecticides were applied to kiwifruit (Actinidia
deliciosa) in February and April 1992 and April 1993. A bioassay technique
was used to measure levels of greedy scale, Hemiberlesia rapax
(Comstock), crawler settlement on fruit at various times after insecticide
application. Organophosphate and pyrethroid residues remaining on the fruit
were measured but not the mineral oil residues. The February and April 1992
trials showed that diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon/permethrin gave
short-lived protection compared to phosmet, mineral oil, and
pirimiphos-methyl/permethrin. The residual times for 50% of fruit to be settled
by scale in the April 1993 trial were: pirimiphos-methyl/permethrin, half rate
<8 days; 1% Citrole mineral oil, 8 days; pirimiphos-methyl/permethrin, full
rate 16 days; 1% Sunspray Ultra-Fine mineral oil, 19 days; 2% Citrole, 21 days;
and 2% Ultra-Fine, 24 days. Estimates of residue levels at which 50% of fruit
were settled by scale were generally below or similar to the maximum residue
levels set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The potential for reducing
residues at harvest is discussed.
Keywords kiwifruit; residues; insecticides; armoured scale;
crawler settlement; bioassay; Hemiberlesia rapax; Hemiberlesia
lataniae; Actinidia deliciosa
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 1995, Vol. 23:
13-23
0114-0671/95/2301-0013 $2.50/0 (c) The Royal Society of New Zealand
1995
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