New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science abstracts
Greedy scale, Hemiberlesia rapax (Hemiptera: Diaspididae),
phenology on kiwifruit leaves and wood
R. H. BLANK
G. S. C. GILL
The Horticulture and Food Research
Institute of New Zealand
Whangarei Research Centre
Private Bag 9003
Whangarei, New Zealand
M. P. UPSDELL
New Zealand Pastoral Agriculture
Research Institute Ltd
Ruakura Agricultural Centre
Private Bag 3123
Hamilton, New Zealand
Abstract Greedy scale (Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock))
populations at Whangarei, New Zealand were monitored at regular intervals on
unsprayed kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A.Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R.
Ferguson var. deliciosa) wood and leaves from 1984 to 1989 to obtain
detailed stage-specific phenological information. The relationship between
relative abundance of each scale stage and Julian day or degree-day
accumulation (>9.3deg.C) were determined using a Bayesian smoothing
programme. Two scale generations, summer and winter, were readily discernible.
There was close agreement between the phenology of scale on wood and leaves.
How-ever, because of senescence and abscission in autumn there was only a
partial winter generation of scale on leaves. Synchrony of stage-specific
events was enhanced using degree-day accumulations rather than Julian days,
particularly for the winter generation. Estimates of stage-specific peaks and
troughs for crawlers, white caps (first instar), yellow caps (second instar),
black caps (third instar), and mature scale are given in the paper and have a
mean standard error (SE) of 10 Julian days or 38 degree-days (>9.3deg.C).
Mean generation intervals for scale on wood and leaves were 1022 (SE 18) and
1114 (SE 53) degree-days respectively.
Keywords greedy scale; Hemiberlesia rapax; phenology;
kiwifruit; Actinidia deliciosa; degree-day accumulation
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 1996, Vol. 24:
239-248
0114-0671/96/2403-0239 $2.50/0 (c) The Royal Society of New Zealand
1996
PDF file of entire paper: medium quality (703K); (scanned from paper original: notes about this process)
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