New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science abstracts
Phenology and relative abundance of Ceroplastes destructor
and C. sinensis (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on citrus
in Northland, New Zealand
P. L. LO1
R. H. BLANK
The Horticulture and Food Research
Institute of New Zealand
Whangarei Research Centre
Private Bag 9003
Whangarei, New Zealand
D. R. PENMAN2
Department of Entomology and Animal Ecology
P.O. Box 84
Lincoln University
Lincoln, New Zealand
1Present address: The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of
New Zealand, Hawke's Bay Research Centre, Private Bag 1401, Havelock North, New
Zealand.
2Present address: Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research New Zealand, P.O.
Box 40, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand.
Abstract The main scale insect pest in citrus orchards in
Northland, New Zealand was Ceroplastes destructor although C.
sinensis was more widespread. We studied the phenology of both species over
3 years by regularly sampling scales on leaves and wood for laboratory
examination. Both species were univoltine. The start of C. destructor
crawler emergence varied by c. 7 weeks over 6 years, and was inversely
correlated with annual degree-days. Egg hatching occurred c. 2 months
earlier in C. destructor than C. sinensis. The development of
successive instars continued to be earlier in C. destructor so it passed
through the first and second instar stages by autumn and 4 months faster
than did C. sinensis. First and second instars are vulnerable to adverse
weather and predation and their longer duration in C. sinensis may
partly account for its lower abundance. We predict that control by insecticides
should be most effective in late January for C. destructor and in late
March for C. sinensis.
Keywords Ceroplastes destructor; C. sinensis;
Coccidae; phenology; abundance; citrus; New Zealand
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 1996, Vol. 24:
315-321
0114-0671/96/2404-0315 $2.50/0 (c) The Royal Society of New Zealand
1996
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