New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science abstracts
Inoculum sources and infection pathways of pathogens causing stem-end
rots of ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana)
W. F. T. Hartill
K. R. Everett
The Horticulture and Food Research
Institute of New Zealand Ltd
Private Bag 92 169
Auckland, New Zealand
email: billvern@ihug.co.nz
Abstract Species of Colletotrichum, Botryosphaeria,
and Phomopsis causing postharvest rots in avocado (Persea americana
Miller) fruits are present in the living and dead branches and twigs of avocado
trees, and in the living pedicels. They dominate the fungal population within
the extra-cambial tissues but are less common within the xylem elements. There
is no evidence that invasion of these tissues is pathogenic. With the possible
exception of C. gloeosporioides they appear to be discontinuously present
and are more properly termed phellophytes rather than endophytes. There was
a higher incidence of stem-end rots than of body rots in untreated (control)
‘Hass’ avocados in New Zealand experiments and most of these stem-end rots
were associated with B. parva and Phomopsis spp. A high proportion
of stem-end infections appeared to be initiated during harvesting. Picking
the fruit by snapping the pedicels instead of clipping, as in commercial practice,
resulted in an unusually high level of stem-end rots caused byC. acutatum.
Frequently sterilising the clippers used to harvest the fruits reduced the
incidence of stem-end infections, in particular those caused by B. parva,
indicating that contamination of the clippers is an important source of infection.
It is suggested that this contamination is probably present as fragments
of infected extra-cambial tissue.
Keywords avocado; postharvest fruit rots; stem-end
rots; phellophytes; infection pathways; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides;
Colletotrichum acutatum; Botryosphaeria parva; Botryosphaeria
dothidea; Fusicoccum luteum; Phomopsis
H02031 Received 13 May 2002; accepted 3 October 2002; published 9 December
2002
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 2002, Vol. 30:
249-260
0014-0671/02/3004-249 $7.00 © The Royal Society of New Zealand
2002
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