New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science abstracts
Solanum weeds as hosts for Phthorimaea operculella: implications
for resistance management of genetically modified potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)
M. M. Davidson
A. J. Conner
New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food
Research Limited
Private Bag 4704
Christchurch, New Zealand
email: connert@crop.cri.nz
Abstract Foliage from Solanum species found within
or near potato fields in New Zealand was compared to potato (Solanum tuberosum)
foliage for its ability to support growth of larvae of Phthorimaea operculella
(potato tuber moth, PTM). Solanum species included S. laciniatum
(poroporo), S. physalifolium (hairy nightshade), S. chenopodioides
(velvety nightshade), S. nigrum (black nightshade), and S. dulcamara
(bittersweet). In detached leaf bioassays larval growth was greater on velvety
nightshade and poroporo than on foliage from the potato cultivar, ‘Iwa’,
in the first year, but only larval growth on poroporo foliage was greater
in the second year (P < 0.05). Larval growth on bittersweet foliage was
similar to larvae on ‘Iwa’ foliage. No larvae survived on black nightshade
beyond 5 days in both years. From a field survey, no PTM larval mines were
found on any foliage of hairy, velvety, or black nightshade plants in or
within 100 m of a field trial of transgenic PTM-resistant potato plants from
a survey undertaken in the third summer. Over the entire survey, an average
of 0.18 mines/plant were recorded on poroporo plants, all of which were <200
mm2, compared to an average of 3.8 mines/non-transgenic potato
plants (volunteer potato plants >100 m from the field trial and non-transgenic
potato plants of the cultivars ‘Iwa’, ‘Red Rascal’, and breeding line 2390,
used as experimental controls within the field trial). This study demonstrated
that, under no-choice conditions, PTM larvae could grow on alternative Solanum
species. However, PTM exhibited a clear preference for oviposition and development
on potato plants in the field.
Keywords Solanum species; potato tuber moth;
nightshade; bittersweet; poroporo; insect-resistant; transgenic potatoes;
Solanum tuberosum; refuges
H02088 Received 20 November 2002; accepted 28 February 2003; published
12 June 2003
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 2003, Vol. 31:
91-97
0014-0671/03/3102-0091 $7.00 © The Royal Society of New Zealand
2003
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