New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science abstracts
Toxicity of pesticides to Halmus chalybeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
and the effect of three fungicides on their densities in a citrus orchard
P. L. Lo
The Horticulture and Food Research
Institute of New Zealand Ltd
Hawke’s Bay Research Centre
Private Bag 1401
Havelock North, New Zealand
email: plo@hortresearch.co.nz
Abstract The effect of three fungicides in five programmes
on densities of Halmus chalybeus (steelblue ladybird) was tested in
a citrus orchard. Programmes of five and nine applications of cupric hydroxide
or chlorothalonil reduced densities by c. 35% and 70% respectively, compared
with unsprayed plots. One application of copper sulphate and lime (Bordeaux
mixture) reduced ladybird density by 81%, similar to the two nine-application
programmes. These reductions in numbers were probably due to a repellent
effect since the fungicides had a relatively low toxicity. Ten fungicides,
nine insecticides, and a miticide were screened for toxicity to adult H.
chalybeus by a dip method. Copper-based fungicides were more toxic than
non-copper fungicides at 3 times label rates, but not at label rates. The
insecticides taufluvalinate, permethrin/pirimphos-methyl, diazinon, and potassium
salt were highly toxic at label rates. Two mineral oils, chlorpyrifos, and
the miticide azocyclotin were moderately toxic, whereas buprofezin and one
mineral oil were not toxic. H. chalybeus is an important predator
of wax scales and the implications of these pesticide effects for biological
control of these pests are discussed.
Keywords Halmus chalybeus; Coccinellidae; fungicides;
insecticides; toxicity; biological control; citrus
H03063; Online publication date 17 March 2004; Received 20 June 2003;
accepted 20 November 2003
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 2004, Vol. 32:
69-76
0014-0671/04/3201-0069 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 2004
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