New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science abstracts
Effect of soil microorganisms on viability of sclerotia of Ciborinia
camelliae, the causal agent of camellia flower blight
R. F. van Toor*
M. V. Jaspers
A. Stewart
National Centre for Advanced Bio-Protection Technologies
P.O. Box 84
Lincoln University
Canterbury, New Zealand
*Present address: New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food
Research Limited, Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre, Private Bag
4704, Christchurch, New Zealand. email: vantoorr@crop.cri.nz
Abstract Two isolates each of Trichoderma virens
and Coniothyrium minitans, four of T. longipile, and one each
of T. tomentosum and Clonostachys rosea, all known to be sclerotial
parasites of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, were tested for their antagonism
to sclerotia of the closely related pathogen, Ciborinia camelliae.
Treatment of sclerotia in sterile sand or potting-mix assays with isolate
suspensions of 106 or 107 spores/ml had little effect on the viability of
sclerotia, 12-37 weeks after treatment. In a field trial, spore suspensions
of T. virens LU556, C. rosea LU155, and C. minitansLU112,
sprayed in July, August, and September, at a total of 0.8-2.9 x 1011 spores/m2
onto soil naturally infested with over 600 sclerotia/m2, had no
effect on apothecial production or on sclerotial numbers recovered at the
end of the trial, 8 weeks after the last mycoparasite application. Parasitism
of sclerotia by C. minitans, C. rosea, and T. virens
was not observed under scanning electron microscopy examination. Thus, the
test isolates were not considered effective parasites of C. camelliae
sclerotia. Subsequently, 376 microorganisms isolated from C. camelliae
sclerotia baits that had been buried in soil, and 30 microorganisms from
decaying C. camelliae sclerotia, were screened in vitro for their ability
to parasitise healthy sclerotia of the pathogen. The most effective antagonists
were T. virens LU569 and T. viride LU570, which reduced numbers
of viable C. camelliae sclerotia after 14 weeks by 53% and 43%, respectively.
These isolates warrant further evaluation under field conditions where one
can potentially manipulate the soil environment by the addition of soil conditioners
to enhance their efficacy in situ.
Keywords camellia blight; Ciborinia camelliae;
sclerotial baits; mycoparasites; Trichoderma spp.; Coniothyrium
minitans; Clonostachys rosea; biocontrol
H04092; Online publication date 13 May 2005 Received 14 October 2004; accepted
8 March 2005
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 2005, Vol. 33:
149-160
0014-0671/05/3302-0149 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 2005
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