New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science abstracts
Tree mulches reduce sclerotial numbers and apothecial production by Ciborinia
camelliae
R. F. van Toor*
National Centre for Advanced Bio-Protection Technologies
P.O. Box 84
Lincoln University
Canterbury, New Zealand
M. W. Dench
Wellington Botanic Gardens
Wellington, New Zealand
M. V. Jaspers
A. Stewart
National Centre for Advanced Bio-Protection Technologies
P.O. Box 84
Lincoln University
Canterbury, New Zealand
*Present address: New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food
Research Limited, Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre, Private Bag
4704, Christchurch, New Zealand. email: vantoorr@crop.cri.nz
Abstract Mulches made from leaf and wood materials of
pine (Pinus radiata), gum (Eucalyptus leucoxylon), kanuka (Kunzea
ericoides), and a commercial mix containing numerous tree species, were
evaluated for their ability to reduce viability of sclerotia and to suppress
apothecial production in Ciborinia camelliae. The mulches were applied
100 mm thick to soil beneath camellia (Camellia spp.) bushes in late
summer, allowing time for the treatments to act on the population of over-wintering
sclerotia. In the following spring, the mulches completely suppressed apothecial
production by existing sclerotia, compared with the untreated control, which
had 90 apothecia/m2. By early summer, the mean numbers of viable
dormant sclerotia were reduced from 294/m2 in the untreated control
to 147, 95, 75, and 47/m2 for the commercial mix, kanuka, pine,
and gum mulches, respectively. In in vitro trials, mycelial growth from
C. camelliae sclerotia placed on potato dextrose agar amended with mulch
leachates (50:50 v/v) differed between leaching periods and mulch types.
With the 1-day leachates, growth was almost totally inhibited by the commercial-mix
leachate, but enhanced by gum and kanuka leachates compared with growth on
control plates. Similar results were obtained for 20-day leachates, except
that mycelial growth was suppressed with the commercial-mix and pine leachates.
Thus, tree mulches offer potential for reducing the incidence of camellia
blight by suppressing apothecial production and enhancing sclerotial degradation.
Keywords Ciborinia camelliae; sclerotia; apothecia;
cultural control; mulch; Pinus radiata; Eucalyptus leucoxylon;
Kunzea ericoides
H04093; Online publication date 13 May 2005 Received 14 October 2005;
accepted 11 March 2005
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 2005, Vol. 33:
161-168
0014-0671/05/3302-0161 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 2005
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