New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science
abstracts
Initial growth and fruiting of ‘Summit’ sweet cherry (Prunus
avium) on five rootstocks
A. Santos
R. Santos-Ribeiro
J. Cavalheiro
Departamento de Fitotecnia
CECEA Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
Ap. 1013, 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal
email: asantos@utad.pt
email: jtcc@utad.pt
V. Cordeiro
DRATM—Direcção Regional de Agricultura de Trás-os-Montes
CETQ—Centro Experimental da Terra Quente Quinta do Valongo
5370-811 Carvalhais, MDL, Portugal
email: victor.cordeiro@dratm.min-agricultura.pt
J.-L. Lousada
Departamento de Florestal
CEGE—Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro
Ap. 1013, 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal
email: jlousada@utad.pt
Abstract The sweet cherry (Prunus
avium) cultivar ‘Summit’ still fits the standard of excellence
for its typical characteristics, including large fruit size and cordate shape.
This study was undertaken in Vila Real, northern Portugal, with ‘Summit’ scions
raised in a nursery on five rootstocks. The orchard trials were set up in 1999,
and tree growth, yield, and fruit size were monitored up to the 6th leaf. At
this phase, the rootstock trunk cross-sectional areas (TCSAs) for Maxma 14, Cab
11E, Edabriz, and Gisela 5 were 79.7%, 60.2%, 37.9%, and 29.3% of that of Mazzard,
respectively. Cumulative yield was higher on Gisela 5, but it did not differ
significantly from Cab 11E. Maxma 14, Edabriz, and P. avium attained
only 56%, 50%, and 36% of Gisela 5 cumulative yield per tree, respectively.
This latter rootstock also induced higher cumulative yield efficiency when
compared with the other rootstocks. Average fruit weight varied significantly
according to year, rootstock, and year × rootstock interaction, which accounted for
62.6%, 13.2%, and 19.1% of the total variation, respectively. In 2002, it was
Gisela 5 that permitted the cultivar to bear the best-sized fruits (9.8 g), but
in 2003 (6th leaf) this rootstock produced the lowest sized fruits (10.2 g).
Conversely, on Edabriz, Cab 11E, and P. avium average fruit weight
increased 29%, 26%, and 24%, respectively. Trees on Gisela 5 had 5.6 leaves
(190 cm2) per fruit, whereas on Edabriz, Cab 11E, and P. avium they
had 1.6, 2.3, and 6.4 times that value, respectively. Gisela 5 and Edabriz
were very efficient in controlling vigour, having induced precocity and high
cumulative yield efficiency. Leaf area/fruit ratio, however, limited fruit
growth on Gisela 5, where initial high productivities demand appropriate tree
nutrition to allow complete fruit, leaf, and limb growth and development on
the current and subsequent season. Cab 11E was not so precocious, but proved
to be productive and induced the best fruit growth. Suitable cultural practices
must be adopted to fit rootstock requirements to optimise the balance between
yield, fruit size, and economic value, especially for the most dwarfing.
Keywords Gisela 5; Tabel Edabriz; Maxma
14; Cab 11E; dwarfing; productivity; fruit weight; leaf area/fruit
New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 2006, Vol. 34:
269–277
0014–0671/06/3403–0269 © The Royal
Society of New Zealand 2006
H05125; Online publication date 25 August 2006. Received 31 October
2005; accepted 14 July 2006
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