New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research abstracts
Survey of historical New Zealand shellfish samples for accumulation of
gymnodimine
DAVID J. STIRLING
Institute of Environmental Science & Research Limited
Kenepuru Drive
P. O. Box 50 348
Porirua, New Zealand
email: david.stirling@esr.cri.nz
Abstract In 1994 a major biotoxin event occurred along the
east coast of the South Island, New Zealand. Gymnodimine, a unique bioactive
spiroimine, was isolated and characterised from Foveaux Strait dredge oysters
(
Tiostrea chilensis = Ostrea chilensis) collected during this outbreak.
This study reports the results of liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric
analysis for gymnodimine in 217 samples from eight species of shellfish over
the years 1993-99. Of these samples 155, covering six species of shellfish,
contained detectable gymnodimine with a range in concentration from 14.8 to
23 400 μg/kg. Gymnodimine-containing shellfish occurred at 37 of
the 63 sites sampled from around New Zealand. This study demonstrates that
accumulation of gymnodimine is not limited to
T. chilensis and can occur
in other shellfish species over much of New Zealand. Gymnodimine is a possible
cause of the numerous historical biotoxin screen-positive results.
Keywords liquid chromatography mass spectrometry;
gymnodimine; Gymnodinium sp.; New Zealand; shellfish
M00058
Received 31 July 2000; accepted 5 February 2001
PDF file of entire paper: medium quality (488K); (scanned from paper original: notes about this process)
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