New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research abstracts
Review
Marine fisheries enhancement in New Zealand: our perspective
John D. Booth
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric
Research Limited
P.O. Box 14 901
Wellington, New Zealand
email: j.booth@niwa.co.nz
Owen Cox
Ministry for the Environment
P.O. 10 362
Wellington, New Zealand
email: owen.cox@mfe.govt.nz
Abstract Increasing human population and its demand for
fishery products is placing mounting pressure on the coastal marine environment.
As wild fisheries reduce in size or stabilise there is growing interest in
enhancement as a means of restoring or increasing production. The purpose
of this paper is to document marine enhancement initiatives in New Zealand
and to describe species, or groups of species, of potential enhancement interest
over the next 10 years. An overview of any potentially negative impacts of
such enhancements is given. The rise in interest in fisheries enhancement
in New Zealand in recent years, which is likely to further increase in coming
years, flows from the successful Nelson scallop enhancement programme, encouraging
results from other initiatives, and the growing momentum of marine enhancement
internationally. However, there is also an increasing awareness that stocking
alone is seldom enough, and that successful enhancement often requires restoration
of key components of the marine environment itself. The species likely to
be of most interest for enhancement in New Zealand over the next 10 years
are scallops, dredge oysters, estuarine shellfish including cockles and pipi,
toheroa, paua, rock lobster, certain seaweeds, snapper, and salmon. There
will probably also be interest in the wider use of artificial reefs for ecosystem
development. Such initiatives could potentially take place the length and
breadth of the country, to the benefit (or cost) of all users, commercial,
recreational, and customary. They will bring new challenges to managers of
marine resources as demands for more localised management intensify.
Keywords enhancement; fisheries; marine; New Zealand;
outplanting; seeding; stocking
M02099 Received 12 December 2002; accepted 29 July 2003; Online publication
date 31 October 2003
New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 2003, Vol. 37:
673-690
0028-8330/03/3704-0673 $7.00 © The Royal Society of New Zealand
2003
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