New Zealand Journal of Zoology
abstracts
Subfamily Paracladurinae. III.
Phylogenetic biogeography: two new genera and three species described
(Diptera, Trichoceridae)
Ewa Krzemińska
Institute of Systematics and
Evolution of Animals
Polish Academy of Sciences
Kraków
ul. Sławkowska 17
31-016 Kraków, Poland
krzeminska@isez.pan.krakow.pl
Abstract The
present, third instalment completes the monograph of subfamily
Paracladurinae. Nineteen species of the world are redescribed and three
new species described, one from the Campbell Is., and two from Asia.
According to results of cladistic analysis (performed on 38
characters), the genus Paracladura
Brunetti is partitioned into three genera: Paracladura
(10 spp. of Asia and 1 from North America), Adura,
n. gen. (4 spp. from New Zealand) and Zedura,
n. gen. (9 spp. from New Zealand, 1 from Australia, 2 from Campbell
Is., and 6 from South America). P.
flavoides
is synonymised with P.
gracilis;
P.
omeiensis
is a synonym of P.
cuneata.
Dispersal routes and plausible timing of speciation events are
discussed. The subfamily originated in Asia, where the most
plesiomorphic genus Paracladura
is represented. Subsequent dispersal and speciation proceeded
southwards to New Zealand, where two genera live, Adura
and Zedura;
the former is closer to the root of the phylogenetic tree, and the
latter represents the most advanced lineage. Further migration of
representatives of Zedura
followed the circumantarctic route to South America. The position of Z.
curtisi
(former Paracladura
curtisi)
at base of this clade appears very important phylogenetically, as this
species is closest to the South American species of all New Zealand
species. Two New Zealand groups of species, lobifera
and antipoda,
occupy the most advanced part of the phylogenetic tree. Paracladura
trichoptera,
a single species from the west coast of North America, is the result of
migration of some congeners from Asia via Beringia.
Keywords Diptera;
Trichoceridae; Paracladura;
new genus; new species; phylogeny; cladistics; biogeography; dispersal,
speciation; Pacific Basin
Z04045; Received 24 December
2004; accepted 11 July 2005; Online publication date 20 September 2005
New Zealand Journal of
Zoology, 2005, Vol. 32: 317–352
0301–4223/05/3204–0317 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 2005
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